Category: Science News

Building is one of the many oldest and cumbersome companies in India, with around 80 per cent of the area managed by unorganized and conservative builders.

From unaccounted enterprise delays and money flow issues to shift in demand from shoppers, debt burden and lack of transparency – it is full of points. Even more so after the pandemic, construction work affected by labor shortage and disruption in raw material supply due to lockdown restrictions.

Jayesh Rajpurohit, a civil engineer at IIT Roorkee, believes so.

Belonging to a Marwari family engaged in the construction business for years, he was quickly struck by the dangers of the sector. Jayesh was acutely aware that the business was suffering from “extreme technical losses”.

The Bengaluru-based startup recognized 4 key pain factors: a) lack of transparency in contracts, b) mid-project worth growth, c) surprising delays, and d) advance funding demanded by contractors. “We knew we needed a fully managed market like Citi Firm or Ola to address these issues,” says Jayesh.

The problem was to make the building standardized and predictable “across initiatives, cities and contractors”. And this can only be achieved with expertise.

Finish-to-end building market

Brick & Bolt developed an end-to-end online marketplace that connects prospects with contractors, architects, designers, carpenters and various building professionals with a curated set of service suppliers.

Owners will have to refill a request type based on their needs, get a price estimate from the platform, and guide the service by paying the price.

To remove ambiguity in manufacturing timelines, Brick & Bolt built a proprietary AI-led engine that predicts work schedules and possible supply dates for each enterprise. Unlike traditional operators, the platform additionally imposes penalties (1 percent monthly of the enterprise value) on service suppliers in case of “non-permissible delays”.

Brick & Bolt’s expertise also allows for high quality testing and real-time monitoring of initiatives using PC Imaginative and Presentation, manages workflow updates from web site engineers to final supply, and allows communication between all events. allows.

In an effort to offset price increases and bring about cost transparency, Brick & Bolt operates on an escrow model, where customers switch cash for each step of the enterprise. The cost is released to the contractor only after that phase is completed.

This not only helps in building trust among the stakeholders, but also prevents price escalation and motivates the contractors to take initiatives ahead of time.

Since its inception, Brick & Bolt has curated over 280 contractors and booked over 800 initiatives across Bengaluru and Mysore. Earlier in July, it was launched in Hyderabad, where it has already signed 30+ contractors.

The startup primarily focuses on B2C residential building, with typical enterprise value ranging between Rs 7-8 lakh to Rs 20 lakh. Brick & Bolt has plans to launch in Chennai, Delhi and Pune, and will guide 1,500 initiatives by the end of the year.

Resistive RAM (ReRAM) technology has been on its way to its second place in solar for several years now. Despite its placement on the roadmaps of many chip manufacturers and as part of novel architectures such as HPE’s closed memristor-based “The Machine” challenge, it is by no means a revolutionary reminiscence technology. I did not appear. The idea makes wonderful sense.

Manufacturability, price and other factors worked, but for firms like Crossbar, which bet a full-fledged venture on Reram’s growing work, the gamble has paid off. The same firm immediately introduced a remarkable new life to ReRAM technology—in security.

Crossbar, Inc. states that ReRAM technology can be used in the creation of Physically Unclonable Operate (PUF) cryptographic keys because each secret is unique to the individual IC.

The concept has some support, with Dr. Bertrand Cambou of North Arizona College’s Nanotechnology and Cyber ​​Security Group. He says that after evaluating various PUF approaches, there are benefits to ReRAM. “Due to its distinctive stochastic and electrical characteristics, the ReRAM PUF of the crossbar allows for safer programs than existing PUF applied science.” Compared to ReRAM, Kambo discusses these different approaches in detail. This is a useful description of how PUFs are properly matched to ReRAM.

“The method of generating PUFs on ReRAM arrays is promising mainly based on statistical evaluation of resistive gadgets,” says Kambou. He provides, “Resistive RAM is a sexy reminiscent technology for designing secure functions, PUF and RNG. It is low energy, faster, compact, and less vulnerable to channel attack than flash memory.”

Frankly speaking, the role and safety of ReRAM technology in PUF research is not a new idea. One of the idea’s many first appearances came out of Panasonic’s semiconductor group in 2016 using a 40nm ReRAM test chip to test the idea (with reasonable success). Despite the analysis from 2016 to now, it remains a bit fringe in terms of usage examples we could find and, like ReRAM, it has all the appropriate parts, but doesn’t have the appropriate “this problem”. broad market.

It must be annoying as hell for the crossbar. The company finds itself in another tough market after RERAM’s memory innovation does not materialize as a major factor in the following. There is already a lot of applied science on the PUF matter (all of which use SRAM, at best, which is reasonable). Compared to SRAM-based PUF approaches, their technology allows for the next diploma of randomness, reduced bit error charges, and all this “without the need for fuzzy extractors, auxiliary information, or bulky error correction codes”. Davis, the crossbar president.

When it comes to ReRAM, it’s worth taking a more in-depth look at (we’re chasing one) why ReRAM never got off the bottom. It will probably be less than 10nm, has excellent flash-outspacing learning latency and can write significantly faster than NAND. It doesn’t require any tremendous fancy manufacturing magic. So why did the market surpass Reram? Dive deeper on that coming.

Crossbar says that now for its business, it’s becoming available in multiple CMO foundry courses of nodes to achieve greater density and more tightly manufactured devices. Corporate survives, at best, by licensing SoC and memory firms each off-the-shelf and customized IP cores.

It first hit the market in 2010, early in the next generation recall and while the angle of security functions would likely help them keep up with the ReRAM struggle, it’s hard to tell what the way forward for the technology generally looks like. Like in the coming years.

The report on Cloud DVR market provides an overall replacement, market measurement and forecast, trends, growth drivers and challenges apart from vendor evaluation.

The report provides an up-to-date assessment of the current world market situation, the latest trends and drivers, and the general market setting. The market is driven by time-shifting and ad-dropping options.

The Cloud DVR market valuation includes Platform & Chipset Segment and Geographic Panorama. This study identifies the emergence of technologically superior devices as one of several key reasons driving the growth of the cloud DVR market over the next few years.

This report presents an in-depth image of the market in the best way to examine, synthesize and sum up knowledge from multiple sources by evaluating key parameters.

Technavio is the number one world expertise analysis and advisory firm. Their analysis and evaluation focuses on rising market trends and gives actionable insights to help companies establish market options and develop efficient ways to optimize their market position. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio’s report library includes over 17,000 studies and counting, including 800 applied sciences spread across 50 international locations.

Their customer base includes enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 corporations. This growing buyer base relies on Technavio’s thorough security, in-depth analysis and actionable market insights to establish options in current and potential markets and assess their aggressive positions within changing market events.

In November 2013, an oil pipeline exploded in the Chinese city of Qingdao, killing 62 people and injuring 136. Eight months later, a similar explosion in Kaohsiung killed 32 people and injured 321.

The pipelines were made of steel of the same specification and failed after two decades of use in the same environment. The cause was corrosion – the degradation of a material by a chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment.

Such disasters are common: every square kilometer of any Chinese city contains more than 30 kilometers of buried pipes, creating tangled networks of oil and gas lines, water mains, and electrical and telecommunications cables. Rust is also expensive.

According to a US survey, rust costs six cents for every dollar of GDP in the United States. Globally, this amount is more than US$4 trillion per year – the equivalent of 40 in damages from Hurricane Katrina. Half of that cost is in rust prevention and control, the other half in damage and lost productivity.

Lack of knowledge hinders our ability to prevent failures. Erosion of underground pipes is influenced, for example, by the composition, microstructure and design of materials, as well as by a raft of environmental conditions such as soil oxygen level, humidity, salinity, pH, temperature and biological organisms.

Many industries, including oil, gas, marine and nuclear, collect corrosion data to identify risks, predict the service life of components, and control corrosion. Most of this data is proprietary, and best practices are rarely shared. Oil spills, bridge collapses and other disasters keep on coming.

The demand for knowledge about corrosion is increasing with the increasing use of advanced materials in medical devices, biosensors, fuel cells, batteries, solar panels and microelectronics. Corrosion is the main restriction on many nanotechnology applications.

Efforts to make material data accessible, such as the Material Genome Initiative (MGI), focus on the ‘birth’ rather than the ‘death’ of the material. Online platform is desperately needed for Jung data sharing. Access to large amounts and different types of corrosion information, which researchers can investigate with data mining and modeling tools, will improve the forecast of corrosion failures and anticorrosion designs.

Complex processes

The biggest challenge in corrosion research is accurately predicting how a material will corrode in a given environment. This requires a thorough knowledge of all relevant factors and their interactions.

Yet precise models for the mechanism are lacking. It is impossible to forecast problems without historical data about material failures under various circumstances. And field performance cannot be assessed in laboratories when environmental parameters are unknown.

Corrosion data is hard to collect. Damage can take years or even decades to accumulate and any project tracks only a few contributing factors. Data sets need to be combined.

For example, early studies of marine erosion (for example, occurring at oil-drilling platforms) were unreliable because they considered only physicochemical processes (including pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature), not seawater. on the effects of living organisms. The model has now been improved by the inclusion of genomic data.

Corrosion depends on local conditions. Steel structures that last for decades in arid parts of inland China fail within months in the moist and salty coastal regions of Southeast Asia.

Protective polymer coatings that have worked for years at northern latitudes can wear down in weeks near the equator, where higher doses of heat and ultraviolet radiation break chemical bonds more quickly.

Referring to common corrosion knowledge – such as how particular steels are affected by moisture, salt or air pollution – requires a combination of studies from many diverse environments. For example, a worldwide survey of weathering steel reviewed 22 years of exposure test results from 108 sites in 22 countries.

With the increase in global trade, the oil and gas, construction, car, electronics and other industries have called for the sharing of corrosion data between countries to ensure the quality and safety of their products. Millions of cars around the world have been recalled over the years due to unforeseen corrosion problems arising in destination countries.

China’s 2013 ‘Belt and Road’ initiative, which promotes industrial ties with countries along the Silk Road economic belt between China and the West, poses unprecedented challenges.

Rapid corrosion assessment, material selection and design will be required as billions of dollars in construction, transportation, energy and telecommunications projects begin in Asia, Africa and Europe.

Advanced materials introduce entirely new corrosion problems. For example, the electrochemical stability of noble metals such as platinum and gold rapidly declines as their dimensions are reduced to the nanometer scale.

Global rail and transit manufacturer Wabtech released its 2020 Sustainability Report detailing the company’s commitment to environmental and social responsibilities.

The report outlines a series of activities the company has undertaken to date to improve its global environmental performance, including how additive manufacturing has contributed to the firm’s sustainability objectives.

Rafael Santana, President and CEO of Webtech, stated, “Webtech’s position as a global transportation leader gives us a unique perspective on the trends that are affecting our customers and other stakeholders, namely: climate change, automation and digitization, and urbanization.”

“Our 2020 Sustainability Report outlines a series of aggressive goals to address those trends, improve our performance on global environmental, social and governance matters, and drive a better future for the people and the planet.”

Webtech and 3d printing

Webtech is a global leader in the provision of equipment, systems and digital solutions for the freight and transit rail sectors. The firm’s portfolio includes highly engineered metal components and systems that it provides to most major rail transit systems around the world.

Last year, Wabtec became one of the first customers to receive GE Additive’s H2 binder jet metal 3D printer, driven by the aim of increasing the use of additive manufacturing in the transportation industry.

Recently, the company announced that it had acquired an 11,000-square-foot plot at Neighborhood 91, Pittsburgh’s additive manufacturing hub. Expected to be completed by spring next year, Wabtech plans to use its new facility to produce lighter parts for its transit customers. Reduction in time by 80 percent.

AM Improve stability through

Currently, Wabtec uses 3D printing in its manufacturing processes to reduce material and energy waste associated with the manufacture of complex assemblies and parts. Integrating additive manufacturing can reduce production waste by 70-80 percent, while significantly reducing time to market by up to 90 percent.

Wabtec produced over 1,250 3D printed prototypes during 2019, becoming the first rail supplier to incorporate metal 3D printed parts into production on its North American rolling stock. Looking ahead, the company intends to produce more than 25,000 additive manufactured parts by 2025.

The firm is also employing remanufacturing processes to keep its products in circulation for as long as possible, reducing waste, extending the life of equipment and increasing cost savings.

According to WebTech, approximately £ 296 million worth of end-of-life materials are brought back to its global manufacturing facilities, which are later reused or recycled with less than one percent of waste.

Santana continued, “On almost every continent we are demonstrating the power of Wabtech when we work together to achieve a common objective.” “By focusing on sustainability and accountability, and with an incredible team behind us, I believe we will achieve our goals and create a bigger, stronger webtech to move and improve the world.”

Sustainability efforts in 3D printing sector

Within industries around the world, sustainability has become an important consideration for all levels of the supply chain. Reducing waste, improving efficiency of operations, integrating additive manufacturing and digitization are all ways in which companies are trying to improve their processes to suit their environmental and social responsibilities.

Last year, German 3D printer OEM EOS CEO Mary Langer announced that the company would do more with the “positive environmental and social benefits” of 3D printing, while UK-based post-processing specialist Editive Manufacturing Technologies (AMT) made four Designed the outline. the pillars through which it will promote stability and security; No waste, better chemicals, less energy, less labor and consumables.

Elsewhere, 3D printing is being used to improve the environmental footprint of manufacturing spare parts in favor of time and material-intensive traditional methods.

German engineering group ThyssenKrupp recently partnered with Wilhelmsen Ships Services to deliver 3D printed spare parts for the maritime sector, while petrochemical firm Braskem 3D to help optimize its inventory supply chain and ultimately keep less stock The software adopted the DigiPart program of start-up spare parts 3D.

Additive manufacturing is also helping firms get closer to the circular economy concept, a notion that seeks to make optimal use of resources to avoid waste. Recent projects in this direction include the production of biobased materials for 3D printing from waste food, and the production of high-performance metal powders from scrap sources by building closed-loop supply chains.

Preliminary results from two experiments suggest that something might be wrong with the way physicists think the universe works, a possibility that is astonishing and thrilling in the field of particle physics.

In two separate long-running experiments in the United States and Europe, they are expected to have small particles called munons that are not doing much. Confusing results – if proven to be true – reveal major problems with the rulebook, which physicists use to describe and understand how the universe works at the sub-atomic level.

“We think we can swim in a sea of ​​background particles all the time, which has not yet been directly discovered,” Fermilab’s co-chief scientist Chris Poli said at a news conference. “There may be monsters we haven’t yet imagined who are interacting with our muons from the vacuum and it gives us a window into seeing them.”

The rulebook, called the Standard Model, was developed about 50 years ago. Experiments conducted over the decades confirmed that its particles and the forces that created and ruled the universe were very much described. till now.

“New particles, new physics may be beyond our research,” said Wayne State University particle physicist Alexey Petrov. “It’s tantalizing.”

Fermilab of the United States Energy Department announced Wednesday the results of an 8.2 billion race along a track outside of Chicago, while most people are ho-hum physicists: Muon’s magnetic field standard model says they shouldn’t be . This comes after new results published last month from the Large Hadron Collider of the European Center for Nuclear Research, which found an astonishing proportion of particles after high-speed collisions.

If confirmed, the results of the US would be the world’s largest discovery of oddly microscopic particles in nearly 10 years, as the discovery of the Higgs boson, often called the “God Particle”, Ada El-Khadra of the University of Illinois Said, which works on theoretical physics for the Fermilab experiment.

The point of the experiments, explains the theoretical physicist David Kaplan of Johns Hopkins University, is to separate the particles and find out if there is “something strange going on” with both particles and that there is a blank space between them.

“Secrets don’t just matter. They live in something that seems to fill in all of space and time. These are quantum fields,” Kaplan said. “We’re putting the energy into the vacuum and see what comes out.”

Both sets of results include strange, transitory particles called muons. The muon is the largest cousin to the electron orbiting an atomic center. But the muon is not part of the atom, it is unstable and normally exists for only two microseconds. After it was discovered in cosmic rays in 1936, it confused scientists so much that a famous physicist asked “Who ordered what?”

“From the very beginning it was the physicists scratching their heads,” said Graziano Venzoni, an experimental physicist at an Italian national laboratory, who was in the U.S. Fermilab is one of the top scientists on the experiment, called the Muon G-2.

This experiment sends the muons around a magnetic track that keeps the particles in existence for a long time so that researchers can get to know them closely. Preliminary results show that the magnetic “spin” of the standard model is 0.1% that predicts the standard model. This may not sound like much, but for particle physicists it is huge – more than enough to enhance current understanding.

Researchers need another year or two to complete the analysis of all results around the 50-ft (14-m) track. If the results don’t change, it will count as a major discovery, Vanzoni said.

In Cern, the world’s largest Atom smasher, physicists are crashing protons against each other. One of many different experiments of the particle measures what happens when particles called beauty or bottom quarks collide.

The standard model predicts that these beauty quark crashes should result in an equal number of electrons and muons. It’s like waving a coin 1,000 times and equating it to an equal number of heads and tails, said James Hadron, head of the Large Hadron Collider aesthetic experiment.

but that did not happen.

Researchers looked at the data for several years and a few thousand accidents and found a 15% difference, with significantly more electrons than muons said, use researcher Sheldon Stone of Syracuse University.

Neither experiment is being called an official finding, as there is still a small chance that the results are statistical quirks. Researchers said that experiments should run more and more often – in both cases, in a year or two, meeting incredibly rigorous statistical requirements for physics.

Scientists are testing our fundamental understanding of the universe, and there is much to discover.

What are touch screen, radiation therapy and shrink wrap common? They were all made possible by particle physics research. The discovery of how the universe works on the smallest scale often leads to enormous advances in technology that we use every day.

The US Department of Energy (DOE), along with colleagues from 46 other institutions and seven countries, are conducting an experiment to keep our current understanding of the universe for scientific testing at the Arganne National Laboratory and the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

The first result points to the existence of unseen particles or forces. This new physics can help explain long-standing scientific mysteries, and add new insights into a repository of information that can tap scientists into modeling our universe and developing new technologies.

The experiment, Muon G-2 (pronounced Mun G minus 2), is one that began at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory in the ’90s, in which scientists measured a magnetic property of an elemental particle called muon.

The Brookhaven experiment yielded a result that differed from the value predicted by the standard model, with scientists describing the makeup and behavior of the universe as the best yet. The new experiment is a recreation of Brookhaven, designed to challenge or confirm the discrepancy with high accuracy.

The standard model very accurately predicts the muon’s G-factor – a value that tells scientists how this particle behaves in a magnetic field. This G-factor is assumed to be close to value two, and experiments measure their deviations from two, hence the name Muon G-2.

The experiment in Brookvane indicated that the G-2 differed from the theoretical prediction by a few parts per million. This minimal difference is indicated by the existence of unknown interactions between the muon and the magnetic field – which may involve new particles or forces.

The first result from the new experiment strongly agrees with Brookhaven, reinforcing the evidence that there is new physics to discover.

The combined results from Fermilab and Brookhaven show a difference from the standard model at the importance of 4.2 sigma (or standard deviation), slightly less than the 5 sigma that scientists need to claim a discovery, but still be able to claim new physics. Forcing evidence. The chance that the results are a statistical fluctuation is approximately 1 in 40,000.

Beyond standard models can help explain esoteric phenomena in particle physics, such as the nature of dark matter, a mysterious and widespread matter that physicists know, but has yet to be explored.

“This is an incredibly exciting result,” said Argono Ran Hong, a postdoctoral appointee who has worked on the MUN G-2 experiment for over four years. “These findings may have major implications for future particle physics experiments and may lead to a stronger understanding of how the universe works.”

The Argonone team of scientists contributed significantly to the success of the experiment. The original team, assembled and led by physicist Peter Winter, includes Argon’s Hong and Simon Corody as well as Suvarna Ramachandran and Joe Grange, who have left Argon.

“This team has an impressive and unique skill set with high expertise about hardware, operational planning and data analysis,” said Winter, who leads the MUON G-2 contribution from Argon. “They contributed significantly to the experiment, and we could not have achieved these results without their work.”

To obtain the real G-2 of the muon, Fermilab scientists produce a beam of MUN traveling in a circle through a large, hollow ring in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This area keeps Mun in the ring and rotates the direction of Moyen’s spin. The rotation, called scientific precedence, is similar to the rotation of the Earth’s axis, only very, very fast.

To calculate the G-2 to the desired accuracy, scientists need to measure two values ​​with much greater certainty. One is the rate of spin precession of the muon as it detects the ring. The second is the strength of the magnetic field surrounding the muon, which affects its precedence. This is where Aragogna comes from.

Local tour

Although the muons travel through an impressive continuous magnetic field, changes in ambient temperature and effects from the hardware of the experiment cause slight changes throughout the ring. Even for these small changes in field strength, if not accounted for, the G-2 can significantly affect the accuracy of the calculation.

To correct for field variations, scientists continuously measure the area flowing using hundreds of probes mounted on ring walls. In addition, they send a trolley around the ring every three days so that the field strength can be measured, where the MUN beam actually passes.

A decade ago, the discovery of quipiparticles called magnetized skymission provided important new clues as to how subtle spin textures would enable sprintronics, a new class of electronics that uses the orientation of electron spin rather than its charge to encode data. .

But although scientists have made great progress in this very young field, they still do not fully understand how to design Spintronics materials that would allow for ultrasound, ultrafast, low-power devices.

Skyrmions may look promising, but scientists have long considered Skyrmions to be only 2D objects. However, recent studies have suggested that 2D skyrion may actually be the origin of a 3D spin pattern known as hopfion. But no one was able to prove experimentally that magnetic hops exist at the nanoscale.

Now, a team of co-researchers from Berkeley Lab have reported on the first demonstration and observation of 3D hoffs emanating from the skymation at the nanoscale (billions of meters) in a magnetic system at Nature Communications. Researchers say their discovery is a major step forward in realizing high-density, high-speed, low-power, yet ultrastable magnetic memory devices that exploit the intrinsic power of electron spin.

Peter Fisher, a senior scientist and senior author of the Materials Sciences Division of Berkeley Lab, said, “Not only did we prove that complex spin textures like 3D Hoff exist — we also showed how to study and use them Go. ”

Physics at UC Santa Cruz. He said, “To understand how hops actually work, we need to know how to make them and study them. This work is only possible because we have these amazing tools at Berkeley Lab and We have collaborative partnerships with scientists around the world. ”

According to previous studies, Hoff, unlike skfmions, do not drift when they move with an instrument and are therefore excellent candidates for data technologies. Furthermore, theory colleagues in the United Kingdom predicted that expectations could emerge from a multilayer 2D magnetic system.

The current study is the first to impose those tests, Fisher said.

Php at Noah Kent, Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry. Students in Physics at Fisher’s group at UC Santa Cruz and Berkeley Lab, worked with molecular foundry staff to extrude magnetic nanopillars from layers of iridium, cobalt, and platinum.

The multilevel material was produced by UC Berkeley postdoctoral scholar Neil Reynolds under the supervision of co-senior author Frances Hellman, who holds the title of Senior Faculty Scientist in the Materials Science Division of Berkeley Lab and Professor of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering at UC Berkeley . She also leads the Department of Energy’s Non-equilibrium Magnetic Materials (NEMM) program, which supported this study.

Hopfians and skirmians are known to coexist in magnetic materials, but they have a characteristic spin pattern in three dimensions.

Therefore, to differentiate them, the researchers used a combination of two advanced magnetic X-ray microscopy techniques — X-PEEM (X-ray photomission electron microscopy) at Berkeley Lab’s Synchrotron user facility, Advanced Light Source; ALBA features magnetic synchrotron light in magnetic soft X-ray transmission microscopy (MTXM) Barcelona, ​​Spain – which image the possibilities and skirmishes of different spin patterns.

To corroborate their observations, the researchers then performed detailed simulations to simulate how 2D skyriones evolve into 3D hots in carefully designed multilayer structures inside a magnetic device, and polarized X-ray light. How will it appear when imaged by.

“Simulations are an important part of this process, which enables us to understand experimental images and design structures that would support hopfines, skirmians, or other designed 3D spin structures,” Hellman said.

To understand how an instrument ultimately functions, researchers plan to employ Berkeley Lab’s unique capabilities and world-class research facilities – which Fisher describes as “essential for carrying out such interdisciplinary work” Are – and furthermore study the dynamic behavior of quiesotic quipiparticles.

“We have long known that spin textures are nearly three-dimensional, even in relatively thin films, but direct imaging is experimentally challenging,” Hellman said. “The evidence here is exciting, and it opens doors to discover and explore even more exotic and potentially important 3D spin structures.”